Showing posts with label saghir poet. Show all posts
Showing posts with label saghir poet. Show all posts
Sunday, 5 August 2012
Thursday, 2 August 2012
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron System
One mechanism for maintaining the blood pressure is the release of a protein called renin from cells in the kidney (to be specific, the juxtaglomerular apparatus). This produces another protein, angiotensin, which signals the adrenal gland to produce a hormone called aldosterone.
This system is activated in response to a fall in blood pressure (hypotension), as well as markers of problems with the salt-water balance of the body, such as decreased sodium concentration in the distal tubule of the kidney, decreased blood volume and stimulation of the kidney by the sympathetic nervous system.
In such situations, the kidneys release renin, which acts as an enzyme and cuts off all but the first 10 amino acid residues of angiotensinogen (a protein made in the liver, and which circulates in the blood). These 10 residues are then known as angiotensin I. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) then removes a further two residues which converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is found in the pulmonary circulation, as well as in the endothelium of many blood vessels. The system in general aims to increase blood pressure by increasing the amount of salt and water the body retains, although angiotensin is also very good at causing the blood vessels to tighten (a potent vasoconstrictor). Angiotensin II also stimulates the secretion of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.
Aldosterone causes the tubules of the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water into the blood. This increases the volume of fluid in the body, which also increases blood pressure.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)