Preparation of Slide of Bacteria from Curd

SLIDE PREPARATION FROM CURD

Curd Sample Smear Preparation and Gram Staining

INTRODUCTION

Curd is a milk product formed by fermentation. Fermentation is the activity of a genus of bacteria named as Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus bacteria convert sugars into lactic acid by means of fermentation. Milk contains a sugar called lactose, a disaccharide (compound sugar) made by the glycosidic bonding between glucose and galactose (monosaccharide). Curd contains different types of bacteria such as cocci, bacillus etc. By Gram staining method a differential stain is used for demonstration of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The Method for staining bacteria is as under:

METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF SLIDE OF BACTERIA

1. Take a grease free glass slide and draw a thin smear of curd sample with the help of another slide.

2. Heat fix the smear.

3. Now put a few drops of crystal violet and keep it for 2 minutes.

4. Next wash the slide with tap water.

5. After washing put few drops of Gram's Iodine on the smear and keep it for 2 minutes.

6. Wash again with tap water.

7. Then put few drops of Safranine on the smear and keep it for 1 minute and wash.

8. Observe under compound microscope.

                                    Figure: Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria

OBSERVATIONS

1.      Gram Positive Cocci:      Color-Purple

2.      Gram Negative Bacilli:   Color-Red 

Dr. Saghir Ahmad Profile

                                       

     CURRICULUM VITAE OF SAGHIR AHMAD, PH.D.                  

                                                                                                                                                                                              

OBJECTIVES

 I want to be a part of highly professional and result-oriented team where the innovations are encouraged so that I can enhance my professional learning and can contribute for the growth and development of my institution.

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name	SAGHIR AHMAD, PH.D.  (صغیر احمد)
YouTube Account	Saghir Ahmad's Video lectures
Date of Birth	March 15,
Contact Number	+92-333-6219537
Facebook ID	Dr-Sagheer Ahmad Sagheer
ACADEMIC RECORD
2018 PhD Zoologyof Study NA Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan 2008    M.Phil Zoology First Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan   1989    M.Sc Zoology First Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 1986    B.Sc Zoology, Botany, Chemistry First Govt. Khawaja Fareed College, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan 1984    F.Sc Biology, Chemistry, Physics Second Govt. Khawaja Fareed College, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan 1982    Matriculation Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics First Govt. Model High School, Sadiqabad, Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Institution/ Organization		Position / Job Title		Period
				From		To
Govt. College of Science, Wahdat Road, Lahore, Pakistan		Assistant Professor of Zoology		115-08-2016		To  date
Govt. Islamia College, Railway Road, Lahore, Pakistan		Assistant Professor of Zoology		13-6-13		15-08-16
Govt. Postgraduate College, Khanpur, Distt. Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.		Assistant Professor of Zoology		31-5-2011		12-6-13
Govt. Khawaja Fareed College, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan		Lecture in Zoology		1-6-2010		31-5-2011
Govt. Degree College, Sadiq Abad, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan		Lecture in Zoology		19-10-95		1-6-2010
Iqra Degree College, Sadiq Abad, Rahum Yar Khan		Lecture in Biology		11-01-94		19-10-95
Divisional Public School and Intermediate College, Model Town Lahore, Pakistan		Teacher of Biology		8-09-1990		8-01-1994
RESEARCH WORKS

•         Fossil Fauna of Mangla, MSc Thesis Research.

•         PBLICATION:

•         Sarwar, M., Haq, Z. and Ahmad, M.S. 1994. Sivalik Bears and Their Status. ACTA SCIENTIA, 4: 105-115. 

•         Environmental impact of Sugar Mills in District Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan: MPhil Thesis Research.

•         PBLICATION:

•         Ahmad, S. and Khan, A.A. 2017. The Impact of Sugar Mills Effluents on Soil Quality. The Journal of Animal and Plant Science, 28(1): 215-221 (ISSN: 1018-7081).

•         A Comparative Study of Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants of Cholistan and Agricultural Areas of Rahim Yar Kahn and Rajan Pur, Punjab, Pakistan: PhD Thesis Research.

•         PBLICATIONS:

•         Ahmad, S. and Tasawar, Z. 2015a. Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants from Varied Habitats. ANIMAL AND VETERINARY SCIENCES, 3: 120-124 (ISSN: 2328-5850).

•         Ahmad, S. and Tasawar, Z. 2015. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Four Ovine Breeds of Cholistan Desert of Pakistan in PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF LIFE AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, 2: 91-96 (E-ISSN: 2221-7630; P-ISSN: 1727-4915).

•         Ahmad, S. and Tasawar, Z. 2016a. Toxoplasmosis in Four Caprine Breeds: A Future Risk of Zoonosis. THE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCES, 26: 388-394 (ISSN: 1018-7081).

•         Ahmad, S. and Tasawar, Z. 2016b. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants from Cholistan Desert and Agricultural Areas of Rahim Yar Khan and Rajan Pur (Punjab) Pakistan.  PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, 48: 1003-1008 (ISSN: 1018-7081).

ADDITIONAL EXPERIENCE

•          Visiting Faculty Member, University of Education College Road, Lahore.

COMPUTER SKILLS

•          MS Office (MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint)

WORKSHOPS

•          Participated in TRAINING OF MASTER TRAINERS for HEAD EXAMINERS at Directorate of Staff Development, Lahore (2-3-2013 to 3-5-2-13).

BISE ASSIGNMENTS

1.      PAPER SETTER:

       I have been paper setter of FSc Biology for last three years

2.      HEAD EXAMINER:

 I have been working as Head Examiner for last Five years.

AUTHORSHIP OF BOOKS •          Author of Book: The Objective Biology for  F.Sc •        Author of Urdu Poetry Book:  Bhula Na Dena (بھلا نہ دینا)

HOBIES

•          Urdu Poetry

•          Urdu Mushairas

JOB DESCRIPTIONS •       Teaching Biology (FSc) •       Teaching MCAT Students •       Teaching Zoology (BSc) •        Teaching Zoology (BS 4 Years Program)